Daily Actions
Article
Daily Actions
MARKET CONTEXT: VOO $625.50 (-0.3% 30D, RSI ~39 — below SMA, breaking down) | QQQM $247.71 (RSI 43, -2.4% 30D, below SMA) | VIXY $29.53 (RSI 65, +7.1% 7D — FEAR RISING) | GLD $468.04 (RSI 52, +21% 30D — safe haven dominant)
REGIME: RISK-OFF ACCELERATING. VOO RSI collapsed 58→39 in 5 days. VIXY spiked from RSI 45 to 65 since 2/26. GLD +21% 30D. TLT bid. Triple safety signal (VIXY + GLD + TLT all rising simultaneously) = institutional de-risking. 23 entry zones active (6 extreme, 9 oversold, 8 approaching). ASAN remains the lone GOLDEN signal. Insider posture broadly bearish (41 stocks selling, only 3 buying). Do NOT add risk aggressively until VIXY drops below RSI 50.
Entry Zones (IN ZONE NOW)
EXTREME OVERSOLD (RSI < 20) - Capitulation Territory
| Stock | Current | Zone | RSI | 30D Chg | Source | Action | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASAN | $7.26 | <$8 | 15↓ | -32.0% | insider-scan | 🏆 Golden Signal | RETURNING (4th scan). Work management SaaS, insiders buying +$8.3M at multi-year lows. Only golden signal in universe. Small position appropriate. |
| ISRG | $476.32* | <$480 | 9↓ | -19.7% | bargain-bin, insider-scan | ⚠️ Caution | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/05). Surgical robotics monopoly, RSI 9 historic extreme. BUT insiders selling -$241M. Fetch fresh data before acting. Do NOT buy on stale reading alone. |
| ORCL | $152.95* | <$158 | 15↓ | -20.4% | bargain-bin, ai-scan | ✅ Strong Buy | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/03). Oracle Cloud hyper-scaling, database monopoly, -16% vs SMA. No insider red flags. Best A+ bargain-bin score. Fetch fresh data — verify still at extreme. |
| NFLX | $80.78* | <$84 | 19↓ | -11.7% | bargain-bin, insider-scan | ⚠️ Caution | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/03). 300M+ subs, ad tier growing. BUT insiders selling -$1.3B at RSI 19. Low conviction. |
| LEGN | $17.20* | Avoid | 7.5↓ | -27.1% | biotech-scan | ❌ Don't Buy | RETURNING (3rd week). RSI <10 for 3 consecutive scans. No bounce. Broken thesis — competition from J&J carvykti. Do not bottom-fish. |
| HIMS | $15.63* | Avoid | 4↓ | -45.9% | insider-scan | ❌ Don't Buy | RETURNING. Extreme RSI 4 but insiders selling -$184.3M. FDA risk unresolved. Broken thesis. Note: consumer-scan showing $15.82 RSI 40 — may have partially recovered from extreme low. |
OVERSOLD (RSI 20-30) - Strong Entry Zone
| Stock | Current | Zone | RSI | 30D Chg | Source | Action | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAP | $196.98* | <$202 | 24.5↓ | -18.1% | bargain-bin | 📈 Accumulate | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/03). Global ERP king, 400K customers. Cloud migration narrative. No insider red flags. High conviction bargain. |
| LOW | $257.77 | <$262 | 25↓ | -6.2% | retail-scan, bargain-bin | ✅ Strong Buy | NEW (entered since 2/26). Home improvement leader, fresh data 03/03. RSI 25, -6.4% vs SMA. Housing weakness short-term; renovation cycle intact long-term. |
| AVGO | $313.78 | <$320 | 29↓ | -17.5% | ai-infra, nvda-ecosystem, bargain-bin | ✅ Strong Buy | NEW (entered since 2/26). Fresh data 03/03. Custom AI ASIC leader (Google TPU, Meta MTIA). VMware synergies. Rare oversold signal for $1.3T company. Best entry in AI infra right now. |
| UNH | $293.19* | <$298 | 28.7↓ | -12.5% | bargain-bin | 🔍 Watch | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/13). Largest US health insurer. Policy/regulatory risk elevated. Watch for stabilization before adding. |
| ADBE | $269.39* | <$272 | 30.0↓ | -19.8% | bargain-bin | ✅ Strong Buy | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/05). RSI stuck at 30 for 2+ weeks. Creative cloud monopoly at -20% 30D. Firefly AI underappreciated. No insider red flags. A-grade bargain. |
| AMZN | $208.73 | $205-212 | ~31↓ | -10.4% | ai-scan, pullback-buys, holdings | 🔍 Watch | RETURNING. Fresh data 03/03 but no RSI indicator. RSI ~30.8 (computed from pullback-buys). Approaching oversold re-entry. CAVEAT: Bezos -$10.9B selling. Core hold + watch for re-entry. |
| PANW | $148.70 | <$155 | 26↓ | -18.1% | cybersec, insider-scan | ⚠️ Caution | RETURNING. Cybersec selloff + insiders selling -$1.8B. Avoid adding. Platformization thesis intact but risk elevated. |
| META | $655.66 | <$660 | 26↓ | +7.0% | ai-scan, insider-scan | ⚠️ Caution | RSI 26 but Zuckerberg selling -$346.8M. Positive 30D despite RSI anomaly — may reflect timing of sell vs buyback cycle. Caution. |
| SOFI | $19.02* | Avoid | 27↓ | -25.8% | insider-scan, pullback-buys | ❌ Don't Buy | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/02). Insiders exiting -$650M. Value trap risk. Data stale — actual price likely lower. |
APPROACHING OVERSOLD (RSI 30-40) - Watch Closely
| Stock | Current | Zone | RSI | 30D Chg | Source | Action | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD | $366.57 | <$372 | 31↓ | -3.8% | retail-scan, bargain-bin | 📈 Accumulate | NEW. Fresh data 03/03. Home Depot at RSI 31, -4% below SMA. PRO contractor business resilient. Pair with LOW for home improvement sector play. |
| TMO | $507.81* | <$515 | 31.2↓ | -19.7% | bargain-bin, insider-scan | ⚠️ Caution | RETURNING. DATA STALE (02/05 — insider RSI). DOWNGRADED. Was strong buy — insider selling -$308.9M reduces conviction. Life sciences monopoly, but wait for insider signal to clear. |
| AMD | $191.02 | <$195 | 33↓ | -21.1% | ai-scan, nvda-ecosystem, bargain-bin | 📈 Accumulate | RETURNING. Fresh data 03/03. EPYC server + MI300 AI GPU. -7.3% below SMA. CAUTION: Insiders selling -$295M. DCA small; full position only on RSI < 28. |
| GIS | $44.85 | $43-46 | 30↓ | +0.5% | defensive-scan | 📈 Accumulate | RETURNING. Fresh data 03/03. General Mills at RSI 30, -3.6% below SMA. Flat 30D = technical pressure without fundamental issue. Quality defensive with dividend. |
| WDAY | $143.61 | $138-144 | 40↓ | -15.6% | cloud-etfs | 📈 Accumulate | RETURNING (moved from oversold to approaching). +10.3% 7D bounce but RSI still 40. HR cloud leader. At SMA resistance — last SaaS with meaningful 30D damage. |
| DDOG | $111.77 | $108-115 | 31↓ | -3.4% | cloud-etfs | ✅ Strong Buy | NEW. RSI 31 despite +7% 7D bounce = was deeply washed. Observability + AI monitoring platform. Thesis intact. No insider red flags. |
| OKTA | $72.52 | $68-73 | 28↓ | -13.1% | cybersec | ✅ Strong Buy | NEW. Fresh data 03/03. Identity security leader, -9.3% below SMA, RSI 28. Zero-trust is non-negotiable spend. Strong entry. Watch: MSFT Entra competition risk. |
| GOOGL | $303.53 | $295-308 | ~36↓ | -4.4% | ai-scan | 📈 Accumulate | RETURNING. Fresh data 03/03 (no RSI file). RSI ~36 per ai-scan. Alphabet AI/search moat. Insider selling -$294M = moderate caution. Still a quality re-entry zone. |
Price Alerts (Waiting for Entry)
| Stock | Alert | Entry Zone | Source | Set Date | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSLA | RSI < 35, ~$370-395 | Insider buying +$189.9M, RSI declining 42.2 | insider-scan, pullback-buys | 2026-02-22 | ⏳ Watching — RSI 42.2, approaching zone |
| ARM | $110-120, RSI < 43 | RSI dropped 71→43 since 2/26, -13.4% 30D | nvda-ecosystem | 2026-02-16 | ⏳ In zone now — borderline entry |
| TSM | $340-355, RSI < 48 | -8.4% 7D, RSI 45 and dropping | nvda-ecosystem | 2026-02-16 | ⏳ Approaching — RSI 45, set alert at $340 |
| NVDA | $170-183, RSI < 42 | RSI dropped 63→41 in 5 days (-6.6% 7D) | nvda-ecosystem | 2026-02-22 | ⏳ In zone now — RSI 41, borderline |
| ASML | $1,320-1,380, RSI < 45 | -9.1% 7D, RSI 43, EUV monopoly | ai-infra | 2026-03-03 | ⏳ NEW — In zone now, set alert |
| CEG | $290-305, RSI < 65 | Nuclear AI power thesis; RSI 79 = wait | energy, ai-infra | 2026-02-26 | ⏳ Waiting — RSI 79, not yet |
| GEV | $750-800, RSI < 60 | Grid infrastructure; RSI 63, pulling back | energy, ai-infra | 2026-02-26 | ⏳ Approaching — RSI 63, cooling |
| CSCO | $72-76, RSI < 45 | Datacenter networking, AI catalyst | ai-infra | 2026-02-26 | ⏳ Watching — RSI 50, not yet |
| V | $308-318, RSI < 38 | 90%+ gross margin, payment rail duopoly | bargain-bin | 2026-03-03 | ⏳ NEW — RSI 39.7, approaching zone |
| MRVL | $74-78, RSI < 38 | Custom ASIC for hyperscalers, -21% 30D | ai-infra, nvda-ecosystem | 2026-03-03 | ⏳ NEW — RSI 38-43, at zone |
| ARKK | RSI < 20, ~$72-74 | ETF capitulation zone; RSI 23.6 (stale 02/02) | etf-universe, ark-portfolio | 2026-03-03 | ⏳ NEW — Stale data; likely deeper oversold now |
| AMZN | RSI < 30, ~$205 | RSI 30.8 approaching re-entry | pullback-buys, ai-scan | 2026-03-03 | ⏳ NEW — RSI 30.8, nearly triggered |
Exit Alerts (Holdings)
| Stock | Alert | Type | Entry | Current | P&L | Set Date | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NET | $151 | Stop-loss (-15%) | $177.38 avg | $178.83 | +0.8% | 2026-01-26 | 🟢 Above entry — 18.4% above stop. Cloud bounce helped. Adjust stop-loss to $160 given recovery? |
| IQV | $140 | Stop-loss (-15%) | $164.63 | $162.31 [stale 02/23] | -1.4% | — | 🟡 Monitor — DATA STALE. Was 15.9% above stop. Fetch fresh price urgently — RSI 17.3, may have worsened. |
| AS | $30.71 | Stop-loss (-15%) | $36.13 | $36.92 | +2.2% | — | 🟡 Watch — -12% 7D this week. Still 20.2% above stop but watch for trend break. |
| PLTR | $119 | Stop-loss (-15%) | $140.04 | $147.22 | +5.1% | — | 🟢 Running — 23.7% above stop. RSI 59, +14% 7D. Do not chase add — not in zone. |
| VOO | — | Core position | $628.94 | $625.50 | -0.5% | — | 🟡 Slight drawdown. RSI ~39, below SMA. DCA only, not lump sum. |
| AMZN | — | Core hold | $204.53 | $208.73 | +2.1% | — | 🟢 Above entry. -10.4% 30D cloud/macro pressure. AWS flywheel intact. |
| BTC | $34 | Stop-loss (-15%) | $40.05 | $34.49 [stale 02/02] | -13.9% | 2026-02-03 | 🚨 APPROACHING STOP — Data very stale (02/02). At -13.9%, only ~$0.49 above stop at $34. Fetch fresh data immediately. |
| SHOP | $95 | Soft alert (-15%) | $112.39 | $122.00 | +8.6% | — | 🟢 Well above entry. -3.3% 7D pullback — minor, thesis intact. |
| WMT | $109 | Stop-loss (-15%) | $128.07 | $127.91 | -0.1% | 2026-02-03 | 🟢 Above entry, well above stop. Grocery/essentials fortress holding. |
| CRM | — | Watch | $190.96 | $198.15 [stale 02/26] | +3.8% | — | 🟢 Above entry. RSI 57 recovering. Hold. |
Sector Rotation Signals
| Signal | Trigger | What It Means | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triple Safety Surge | VIXY RSI 65, GLD +21% 30D, TLT RSI 61 | All three safe havens rising simultaneously = institutional risk-off. Not just rotation — macro fear. | 🔴 ACTIVE — do not add risk |
| VOO breakdown | RSI 58→39 in 5 days, below SMA | Broad market cracking. VOO $610-620 = key support watch. If breaks, deeper correction. | 🔴 ACTIVE — Watch $610-620 |
| AI/Semi correction | NVDA RSI 63→41, ARM -28 RSI pts, TSM -8.4% 7D | Semiconductor rotation unwinding. Semis oversold entry zones forming (AVGO, AMD). | 🟡 Forming — Entry zones active |
| Cybersec recovery | CRWD +11.9% 7D, PANW +10.2% 7D | Individual pure-plays recovering 2-3x faster than ETFs. OKTA outlier weak = opportunity. | 🟡 Uneven recovery — stock-pick, not ETF |
| Cloud ETF floor confirmed | WCLD/IGV/CLOU all above SMA (RSI 45-48) | Sector-level bottom forming. Not confirmed — need SMA hold for 2+ weeks. | 🟡 Recovering — Watch SMA hold |
| EM divergence | EEM RSI 68.7, +6% 30D vs VOO -0.3% | Unusual EM leadership. China stimulus / USD softening. EM outperforming US equities. | 🟢 Active — Hold EEM |
| Home improvement entry | HD RSI 31, LOW RSI 25 — both oversold simultaneously | Sector-wide signal, not stock-specific. Housing weakness = cyclical buying opp. | 🟢 Entry zone active |
| Energy overbought | XLE RSI 78.7, +9.1% 30D | Energy surging on tariff/geopolitical bid. Don't chase — trim at RSI > 80. | 🔴 Overbought — Do not add |
| Data center power (overbought) | CEG RSI 79, EQIX RSI 87, DLR RSI 83 | Nuclear/power theme still extended. Wait for RSI reset to 65-70. | 🔴 Wait — Not yet |
| ARKK capitulation | RSI 23.6 (stale 02/02) — likely deeper | Growth ETF proxy at extreme. Historical mean-reversion signal. Small speculative entry zone. | 🟡 Watch — Stale data, risk-off context |
| INTU earnings recovery | RSI 54, +20.8% 7D | Post-earnings gap = do not chase. Wait for RSI consolidation < 48. | ⏳ Wait — Extended |
| SaaS bounce recovery (WDAY last) | WDAY still RSI 40 despite +10.3% 7D | Most SaaS recovered. WDAY = last meaningful 30D damage opportunity. | 🟡 Window closing |
Insider Activity Summary
| Signal | Stocks | Implication |
|---|---|---|
| 🏆 GOLDEN | ASAN (RSI 15 + $8.3M buying) | 4th consecutive scan golden signal. Floor forming. Only stock with insider conviction at extreme low. |
| 🟢 BUYING | TSLA (+$189.9M), CRSP (+$26.6M) | Consistent buying continues. TSLA watch at RSI < 35. CRSP at RSI 58 — not in entry zone. |
| 🔴 SELLING INTO DIP (RSI<30) | AMZN (-$10.9B), PANW (-$1.8B), SOFI (-$650M), META (-$346.8M), AFRM (-$327M), TMO (-$308.9M), U (-$282M), HIMS (-$184.3M), ZS (-$174.3M), CRM (-$58.9M) | Insiders dumping into weakness — 10 stocks. Most alarming signal in scan. Smart money NOT stepping in despite widespread oversold. |
| ⚠️ DOWNGRADED | ISRG (-$241M, RSI 9), NFLX (-$1.3B, RSI 19) | RSI extreme but insiders selling. Reduces conviction for otherwise compelling entries. |
| 🔴 HEAVY SELLING | LLY (-$4.8B), PLTR (-$3.4B), NVDA (-$3B), SNOW (-$1.2B), AVGO (-$1.1B) | Elevated selling at neutral/recovering RSI levels — distribution pressure. |
| 🔴 POSTURE | 41 stocks selling, 3 buying | Broadest bearish insider posture in months. Insiders NOT buying the dip = macro caution warranted. |
Pending Research Actions
| Action | Source | Priority | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fetch fresh ISRG, ORCL, NFLX, SAP, ADBE, HIMS prices (all stale 02/03-02/05) | bargain-bin, insider | CRITICAL | 🔍 Todo — cannot act confidently without fresh data |
| Fetch fresh BTC price (stale 02/02 — approaching stop-loss at $34) | holdings | CRITICAL | 🔍 Todo — stop-loss check required |
| Fetch fresh IQV price (stale 02/23 — RSI 17, may have worsened) | holdings | CRITICAL | 🔍 Todo — active position, need fresh check |
| Execute ASAN position (RSI 15, $8.3M insider buying, 4th scan golden signal) | insider-scan | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — window may be closing |
| Execute AVGO entry (RSI 29, fresh 03/03, AI ASIC monopoly, no insider sell flag) | ai-infra, bargain-bin | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — new entry since 2/26, actionable now |
| Execute LOW entry (RSI 25, fresh 03/03, home improvement leader) | retail-scan | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — new entry since 2/26, actionable now |
| Execute OKTA entry (RSI 28, fresh 03/03, identity security leader) | cybersec | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — new entry, strong setup |
| Execute DDOG entry (RSI 31, fresh 03/03, observability platform) | cloud-etfs | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — new entry, thesis intact |
| Research AS -12% 7D drop (active holding — is this trend break or one-day event?) | holdings | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — active position concern |
| Research IQV thesis (RSI 17, -32.2% 30D — pharma R&D cyclical vs structural cut?) | holdings, biotech | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — carry forward from 2/26 |
| Decide U position (RSI 26, -56.5% 30D, insiders selling -$282M — cut or hold?) | holdings [stale] | HIGH | 🔍 Todo — carry forward |
| AMD DCA decision (RSI 33, fresh 03/03, insiders selling -$295M — caution flag) | ai-scan, bargain-bin | MEDIUM | 🔍 Todo |
| Research ORCL fresh price (RSI 15, -20.4% 30D, A+ bargain score — data stale 02/03) | bargain-bin | MEDIUM | 🔍 Todo |
| Monitor NET stop-loss ($151 stop, $178.83 current — consider raising to $160) | holdings | MEDIUM | ⏳ Watching |
| Monitor VIXY (RSI 65, spiking — all-clear when drops below RSI 50) | market-pulse | MEDIUM | ⏳ Watching — RISK-OFF active |
| Research VOO support (RSI 39, watch $610-620 — losing that level = deeper correction) | market-pulse | MEDIUM | ⏳ Watching |
| GOOGL DCA decision (RSI 36, -$294M insider selling — add or wait?) | ai-scan | MEDIUM | 🔍 Todo |
| WDAY final entry (RSI 40, +10.3% 7D bounce, last SaaS laggard — now or miss?) | cloud-etfs | MEDIUM | 🔍 Todo |
| Fetch missing data: SOFI, RKLB, ARKK, IDXX, ISRG, ORCL, NFLX | various | MEDIUM | 🔍 Todo |
| Research GIS entry (RSI 30, only defensive approaching oversold, -3.6% vs SMA) | defensive-scan | LOW | 🔍 Todo |
| Research IDXX (RSI 17.6 stale 02/03 — cattle disease thesis, stale data) | ideas/cattle | LOW | 🔍 Todo — stale, fetch first |
| MDB post-mortem (RSI ~17, -25.2% collapse on guidance cut — was it avoidable?) | cloud-etfs | LOW | 🔍 Todo |
The Gold
Key Discoveries
| Discovery | Implication |
|---|---|
| ASAN golden signal for 4th consecutive scan (RSI 15 + $8.3M buying) | Persistent insider buying at capitulation = floor likely forming. Highest conviction speculative entry in universe. Window may be closing — act or miss. |
| VIXY 45→65 RSI in 5 days — the 2/26 "recovery" was a head fake | The Feb 26 VIXY RSI 45 was NOT an all-clear. The macro risk-off thesis is accelerating. Caution over aggression. |
| Insiders selling in 41 stocks, buying in only 3 | Broadest bearish insider posture this scan cycle. Unprecedented: stocks at RSI 4-30 and insiders still selling (HIMS, ISRG, NFLX, AMZN, PANW). |
| AVGO at RSI 29 — rare oversold signal for a $1.3T company | Custom AI ASIC monopoly (Google TPU, Meta MTIA) at RSI levels not seen since broad market selloffs. High-quality entry with no insider red flags vs peers. |
| GLD +21% 30D with RSI only 52 — the gold run has structural legs | Not just fear-trade: RSI only 52 after +21% 30D = real institutional accumulation, not speculation. Gold is the trade of this regime. |
| Home improvement (HD RSI 31 + LOW RSI 25) simultaneously oversold | Sector-wide signal. Both names fresh data 03/03. Housing cyclical play + quality moats = compelling entry pair. |
| PLTR defied AI selloff entirely (+14.3% 7D, RSI 59) | Defense/gov AI narrative traded separately from consumer AI. NVDA lost 22 RSI pts while PLTR surged — major divergence. Don't chase PLTR. |
| ORCL RSI 15 with data stale since 02/03 (4 weeks!) | Best A+ bargain-bin pick has STALE data. Cannot act confidently. Fetching fresh data is the #1 priority for this name. |
| MDB -25.2% on guidance cut while NOW recovered from same RSI 24 | Guidance cuts are violent. MDB confirms: never hold SaaS through earnings without protection. |
| ARKK RSI 23.6 stale (02/02) — likely deeper in current selloff | Growth-proxy ETF in prolonged extreme oversold. Historically marks medium-term entry. But stale data in risk-off = dangerous. |
Mistakes (Don't Repeat)
| Mistake | Lesson |
|---|---|
| Treating VIXY RSI 45 (2/26) as all-clear | It was a head fake. VIXY 65 today confirms. Don't call all-clear until RSI < 40 holds for 2+ days. |
| No fresh data fetches for ISRG, ORCL, NFLX since 02/03-02/05 | 4-week stale data on top signals = cannot act confidently on extreme RSI readings. Data fetches are not optional. |
| BTC approaching stop without fresh data check | Active stop-loss alert with stale data is an unmonitored risk. Fetch BTC immediately. |
| Missing DDOG, OKTA as new oversold entries | Both are fresh 03/03 data, strong setups, no insider red flags. Should have been monitoring earlier. |
Open Questions
- ASAN 4th golden scan: when does this convert to a position? What specific catalyst triggers execution?
- VOO RSI 39: will it find support at $610-620, or continue to full correction (-10% from highs)?
- Is the VIXY RSI 65 driven by tariff fears, Fed concerns, or AI bubble fears? Matters for recovery timeline.
- AVGO RSI 29 vs AMZN -$10.9B insider sell: does the macro fear create more downside for AVGO or is the floor here?
- ARM, TSM, ASML all approaching oversold: coordinated semi correction = systemic or country-specific (TSMC tariff fear)?
- IQV: is the pharma R&D spending cut cyclical (buy the dip) or structural (AI disrupts CROs permanently)?
- GLD RSI 52 after +21% 30D: can it maintain gains as VIXY fear subsides, or does it reverse?
- WDAY RSI 40 after +10.3% 7D bounce: is this the last chance entry or does it continue recovering without a pullback?
Sources
13 sector scans, 1 holdings file, 11 candidate files, and 3 ideas files, all dated 2026-03-03, plus 17 deep-dive files. OHLC cross-checked against validated daily closes. Previous actions: 2026-02-26-actions.md.
Price truth: validated daily summaries (summaries).
Related
9 eventsNo direct external sources are attached to this read.